Dermatofitosis por Microsporum gypseum en un niño con inmunodeficiencia primaria / Microsporum gypseum dermatophytosis in a child with primary immunodeficiency

El Microsporum gypseum es un hongo geofílico que puede producir lesiones cutáneas inflamatorias en personas sanas. Se han descripto lesiones más extensas en pacientes inmunocomprometidos. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con dermatofitosis, con exámenes micológicos positivos para Candida sp, Epidermophytom floccosum y Trichophyton tonsurans, al que, ante la mala respuesta al tratamiento con griseofulvina e itraconazol a dosis habituales, se le realizó biopsia cutánea para cultivo que evidenció la presencia de M. gypseum. Debido a la extensión y a la mala respuesta al tratamiento, se realizó evaluación inmunológica y se diagnosticó un defecto en STAT1 con ganancia de función (STAT1-GOF). Los pacientes que tienen esta inmunodeficiencia primaria son susceptibles a las infecciones micóticas, especialmente por Candida, pero también, aunque en menor medida, a virus y bacterias. El paciente aquí presentado recibió tratamiento prolongado con antimicóticos imidazólicos sistémicos, con resolución de las lesiones.

Microsporum gypseum is a geophilic fungus that can cause inflammatory skin lesions in heathy people. More extensive lesions have been described in immunocompromised patients. We present a patient with extensive dermatophytosis, which mycological examination led the identification of Candida sp, Epidermophyton Floccosum and Trichophyton tonsurans and showed poor response to treatment with griseofulvina and itraconazol at usual doses. When skin biopsy was performed, it had positive culture for M. gypseum. Due to the extension and poor response to treatment, immunological assessment was performed and it showed a defect of STAT1 with gain of function (STAT 1-GOF). Patients with primary immunodeficiency are susceptible to fungal infections, especially Candida but also virus and bacteria, although to a lesser extent. The patient received long-term treatment with systemic imidazole antifungal recovering for the lesions.

Isolamento e perfil enzimático de cães e gatos com dermatofitose atendidos em hospitais veterinários do Recife, Pernambuco / Isolation and enzymatic profile of dogs and cats with dermatofitosis attended at veterinary hospitals in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

Os dermatófitos são fungos que podem causar infecções superficiais da pele, cabelo e unhas em humanos e animais. As espécies de dermatófitos mais frequentemente isoladas dos cães e gatos afetados por micoses são Microsporum gypseum e principalmente Microsporum canis. O papel crucial durante o processo de infecção é a produção de enzimas extracelulares essenciais para a invasão e estabelecimento do agente patogênico no tecido do hospedeiro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi isolar dermatófitos de cães e gatos e avaliar o perfil enzimático dos isolados obtidos. Amostras de pelos e escamas epidérmicas foram coletadas de cães e gatos em instalações veterinárias em Recife/PE, e os isolados foram identificados com base nas características macroscópicas e microscópicas. A análise qualitativa das enzimas urease, protease, lipase, colagenase e fosfolipase foi avaliada a partir dos dermatófitos isolados. Durante 10 meses, um total de 106 animais, que compreendeu de 99 cães e sete gatos com sinais clínicos, independentemente do sexo e raça foram avaliados. Apenas oito animais foram confirmados com dermatofitose, principalmente cães (n=7), sendo seis afetados por M. canis e um por M. gypseum, a raça mais afetada foi Yorkshire (n=3). No entanto, apenas um gato foi confirmado com M. canis. Não foi observada predisposição relacionada ao sexo quanto à ocorrência de dermatofitose nos cães e gatos avaliados. Os dermatófitos isolados apresentaram perfis semelhantes para as enzimas urease, lipase, protease, fosfolipase e colagenase, característica importante em infecções patogênicas. O diagnóstico clínico destas zoonoses com base na confirmação microbiológica e uma compreensão dos mecanismos subjacentes é de grande importância para o tratamento e prevenção de doenças fúngicas em animais.(AU)

Dermatophytes are fungi that can cause superficial infections of the skin, hair and nails in man and animals. The most frequent dermatophyte species isolated from dogs and cats are Microsporum gypseum, most notably Microsporum canis. The crucial role during the infection process is the production of extracellular enzymes essential for the invasion and establishment of the pathogen in the host tissue. The objective of this research was to isolate dermatophytes from dogs and cats and evaluate the enzymatic profile of the isolates obtained. Hair samples and epidermal scales were collected from dogs and cats in veterinary facilities in Recife-PE, and the isolates were identified based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. The qualitative analysis of the enzymes urease, protease, lipase, collagenase and phospholipase was evaluated from the isolated dermatophytes. During 10 months, a total of 106 animals, comprising of 99 dogs and seven cats with clinical signs, regardless of sex and race were evaluated. Only eight animals were confirmed with dermatophytosis, mostly dogs (n=7), being six affected by M. canis and one by M. gypseum, the race most affected was Yorkshire (n=3). However, only one cat was confirmed with M. canis. No sex-related predisposition was observed regarding the occurrence of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats evaluated. Isolated dermatophytes showed similar profiles for the enzymes urease, lipase, protease, phospholipase and collagenase, important characteristic for pathogenic infections. The diagnosis of this zoonosis based on microbiological confirmation and a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms is of great importance for the treatment and prevention of fungal diseases in animals.(AU)

Tiña capitis por Microsporum gypseum, una especie infrecuente / Tinea capitis by Microsporum gypseum, an infrequent species

La tiña capitis es considerada la infección por dermatofitos más frecuente en los niños. Los agentes etiológicos varían con el tiempo y según la zona geográfica, aunque, normalmente, son dermatofitos de origen zoofílico y, en los últimos años, también dermatofitos antropofílicos. Se presenta un caso de tiña capitis inflamatoria en un niño de 6 años de edad causada por Microsporum gypseum, un hongo geofílico patógeno para humanos y animales. Las fuentes de infección humana son el suelo, los gatos, los perros y pequeños mamíferos. Esta especie es poco frecuente como causa de dermatofitosis en el hombre, descrita, sobre todo, en tiña corporis y, raramente, en tiña capitis. En el diagnóstico de tiña capitis, identificar la especie causal es un factor determinante para el tratamiento.

Tinea capitis is considered the most frequent dermatophyte infection in children. The etiological agents vary from time to time and by geographical area, although they normally are zoophilic dermatophytes and in the last years also anthropophilic species. We report a clinical case of inflammatory tinea capitis in a 6-year-old child caused by Microsporum gypseum, a geophilic fungus pathogenic to humans and animals. The sources of human infection are soil, cats, dogs and small mammals. This species is less frequent as a cause of dermatophytosis in humans, described mainly in tinea corporis and rarely in tinea capitis. In the diagnosis of tinea capitis identifying the causative species is a determinant of the treatment.

Low But Continuous Occurrence of Microsporum gypseum Infection in the Study on 198 Cases in South Korea from 1979 to 2016

BACKGROUND: Microsporum gypseum has been isolated from South Korea since 1966. However, the incidence of M. gypseum infection is very low. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to add massive data on M. gypseum to the literature and to provide useful information on clinical and mycological characteristics of M. gypseum. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data of 198 cases infected with M. gypseum from 1979 to 2016. The identification of M. gypseum was done with mycological examination using 15% KOH preparation and potato corn meal tween 80 agar culture media. RESULTS: The incidence of M. gypseum infection was very low in South Korea, showing a tendency to decrease. Out of 198 cases, men were 94 cases (47.5%) and women were 104 cases (52.5%). Mean age of all patients was 29.83 years old: 24.97 years old in men and 34.22 years old in women. M. gypseum infection occurred most frequently in September (16.7%) and August (16.2%). The most common clinical type of M. gypseum infection was tinea corporis (38.4%). CONCLUSION: M. gypseum infection shows very low incidence but still remains around us until recent years. We should keep in mind the characteristics of M. gypseum.

A Case of Tinea Corporis Caused by Microsporum gypseum after Scratch Injury by a Dog / 대한의진균학회지

Microsporum(M.) gypseum, a geophilic dermatophyte, causes dermatophytosis that is characterized by rapid development and resolution. M. gypseum infection is rare due to its low infectivity, and there have been no previous case reports of infection with this dermatophyte after scratch injury by a dog. Here, we report a case of annular, scaly, erythematous plaques on the right ankle of a 5-year-old female patient after being scratched on the leg by a dog. Histopathological examination showed fungal hyphae on the stratum corneum. M. gypseum was identified by tissue culture and polymerase chain reaction. She was treated with sertaconazole cream. In this case, M. gypseum may have been transferred to the scratched area from contaminated soil or from the claws of the dog.

A preliminary suudy on the occurrence of keratinophilic fungi in soils of Jamaica / Estudo preliminar sobre a ocorrência de fungos queratinofílicos em solos da Jamaica

This report represents the first study of keratinophilic fungi present in soils of Jamaica. Out of the 40 soil samples examined from different habitats, 30 (75%) were positive for the presence of keratinophilic fungi, yielding 36 isolates of keratinophilic fungi. Microsporum gypseum complex (represented by 16 isolates of M. gypseum, and four of M. fulvum) was most frequent, being present in 50% of the samples. A very high occurrence of this dermatophyte in Jamaican soil is of public health significance. The remaining isolates of keratinophilic fungi were represented by Chrysosporium spp (mainly C. indicum and C. tropicum) and Sepedonium sp.

Esta comunicação representa o primeiro estudo sobre fungos queratinofílicos presentes em solos da Jamaica. De 40 amostras de solo examinadas de diferentes localidades, 30 (75%) foram positivas para a presença de fungos queratinofílicos permitindo 36 isolamentos dos mesmos. O complexo Microsporum gypseum (representados por 16 isolamentos de M. gypseum e quatro de M. fulvum) foi o mais frequente, estando presente em 50% das amostras. A muito alta ocorrência deste dermatófito no solo da Jamaica é significante para a saúde pública. Os isolados remanescentes de fungos queratinofílicos foram representados pelo Chrysosporium spp (principalmente C. indicum e C. tropicum) e Sepedonium sp.

Antifungal susceptibility testing of few medicinal plant extracts against Aspergillus spp. and Microsporum sp.

Mycoses are fungal infections, the incidence of which in immunocompromised patients is currently devastating and the drugs available at hand are reported to exhibit side effects. To surmount the prevailing difficulty of complete eradication of the fungal infection, exploring new arena is a requisite and nature’s wealth can be one area that may lead to a cure for fungal infections. In the present study, the whole methanolic extracts of few medicinal plants were evaluated against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger and the dermatophyte Microsporum gypseum isolated from the soil. Enicostemma littorale and Wrightia tinctoria exhibited significant (P<0.001) inhibition of about 48% against A. niger. Eupatorium odoratum inhibited both A. fumigatus (52%) and A.flavus (32%) whereas Enicostemma littorale showed about 54% of significant (P<0.05) inhibition against A. fumigatus. Significant inhibition of M. gypseum was exhibited only by Sphaeranthus indicus flower extracts (65% at P<0.05) which was even higher than the inhibition exhibited by positive control ketaconazole (49%) at 0.1 mg/ml concentration. This study demonstrates that among the medicinal plants evaluated E.littorale, W.tinctoria, E.odoratum and S.indicus flower exhibited significant antifungal activity against the tested organisms.

Microsporum gypseum dermatophytosis in a patient of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: A rare case report.

Microsporum gypseum, a geophillic dermatophyte is rarely isolated from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. We report tinea corporis due to Microsporum gypseum, an uncommon aetiological agent, in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome from our region. The clinical presentation resembled psoriasis characterised by atypical, scaly and hyperkeratotic lesions.

A Case of Kerion Celsi Caused by Microsporum gypseum / 대한피부과학회지

No abstract available.

Isolation Rates of Fungi from Dogs and Horses in Shelters and Soil near Them / 대한의진균학회지

BACKGROUND: Soil is one of the main habitat of fungi and important infection source of dermatophytosis. Objective: This study was performed to assess influence of dogs and horses to distribution of keratinophilic fungi (KPF) in soil. METHODS: We visited 3 dog shelters and 3 horse riding grounds in Daegu and Kyeongbuk province from September to November 2012 and examined isolation rates of fungi from 88 soil samples, 16 dogs and 16 horses. By the distance away from the animal shelters, soil samples were divided into 3 groups consist of near, 10 m and 100 m. Hair and scales from skin of the dogs and the horses were collected by Mackenzie's brush technique. RESULTS: Of the 88 soil samples examined, 35 (39.7%) yielded KPF and were all dermatophytes including Microsporum(M.) gypseum (34.1%) and Trichphyton(T.) ajelloi (5.6%). Isolation rates of KPF from the soil were observed in 79.3% of near, 40% of 10 m, and 0% of 100 m from animal shelters. Of the 16 samples from dogs, 6 (37.5%) yielded positive dermatophyte cultures and they were identified as M. canis 31.2% (5/16) and T. eboreum 6.2% (1/16). Of the 16 samples from horses, 1 (6.2%) yielded positive dermatophyte culture and it was T. eboreum. CONCLUSION: In this study, isolation rates of KPF especially M. gypseum and T. ajelloi were higher in the soil closer to the animal shelters. Soil nearby the dogs and the horses, the environment rich in keratinous material, is conducive for the growth of dermatophytes. But M. gypseum and T. ajelloi that rich in the soil were not isolated from skin of the dogs and the horses. Their pathogenicity might be low. We consider that if not human have immune deficiency or skin injury, they do not cause infection.

Keratinophilic fungi recovered from feathers of different species of birds in St Kitts and Nevis / Hongos queratinofílicos obtenidos de las plumas de diferentes especies de aves en St Kitts y Nevis

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of keratinophilic fungi including dermatophytes on feathers of domestic and wild birds in the islands of St Kitts and Nevis. METHOD: During 2010-2011, samples of feathers from ninety-four birds were examined by hair-baiting technique in Petri-dishes containing sterilized soil. Fungal growths appearing on the feathers and the hair-baits were microscopically examined and the cultures obtained were identified on the basis of their microscopic and colonial morphology. RESULTS: Chrysosporium constituted the majority (86.9%) of the 72 isolates of keratinophilic fungi, represented by mainly C tropicum and C indicum. Sepedonium spp isolates were recovered from nine of the feather samples; two of these were identified as Sepedonium chrysospermum, and the other two as S ampullosporum. CONCLUSION: Recovery of four isolates of the dermatophyte, Microsporum gypseum complex (two each of M gyspeum and M fulvum) from feathers of birds is a finding of public health significance.

OBJETIVO: El objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar la presencia de hongos queratinofílicos, incluyendo dermatofitos, en las plumas de aves domésticas y silvestres en las islas de St Kitts y Nieves. MÉTODOS: Durante 2010-2011, se examinaron muestras de plumas de noventa y cuatro aves, utilizando la técnica de anzuelo queratínico (técnica de Vanbreuseghem) en placas de Petri con tierra esterilizada. Los crecimientos fúngicos que aparecieron sobre las plumas y los anzuelos de queratina de pelos (hair baits) fueron examinados bajo el microscopio, y los cultivos obtenidos fueron identificados sobre la base de su morfología microscópica y colonial. RESULTADOS: Chrysosporium constituyó la mayor parte (86.9%) de los 72 aislados de hongos queratinofílicos, representados principalmente por el C tropicum y el C indicum. Aislados de Sepedonium spp fueron obtenidos de nueve muestras de plumas. Dos de ellos fueron identificados como Sepedonium chrysospermum y los otros dos como S ampullosporum. CONCLUSIÓN: La recuperación de cuatro aislados del complejo M gypseum dermatofito (formado por dos M gyspeum y dos M fulvum respectivamente) de las plumas de aves, es un hallazgo de importancia para la salud pública.

Isolation of Microsporum gypseum in soil samples from different geographical regions of Brazil, evaluation of the extracellular proteolytic enzymes activities (keratinase and elastase) and molecular sequencing of selected strains

A survey of Microsporum gypseum was conducted in soil samples in different geographical regions of Brazil. The isolation of dermatophyte from soil samples was performed by hair baiting technique and the species were identified by morphology studies. We analyzed 692 soil samples and the recuperating rate was 19.2%. The activities of keratinase and elastase were quantitatively performed in 138 samples. The sequencing of the ITS region of rDNA was performed in representatives samples. M. gypseum isolates showed significant quantitative differences in the expression of both keratinase and elastase, but no significant correlation was observed between these enzymes. The sequencing of the representative samples revealed the presence of two teleomorphic species of M. gypseum (Arthroderma gypseum and A. incurvatum). The enzymatic activities may play an important role in the pathogenicity and a probable adaptation of this fungus to the animal parasitism. Using the phenotypical and molecular analysis, the Microsporum identification and their teleomorphic states will provide a useful and reliable identification system.

Isolation Rates of Dermatophytes and Fungi from Dogs and Cats in an Animal Shelter in Daegu / 대한의진균학회지

BACKGROUND: Dogs and cats are most friendly animals and contact frequently as pets with humans. It is for human possible to be transmitted from infected or contaminated animals. OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to identify fungi including dermatophytes and non-dermatophytic molds (NDM), Malassezia spp., and Candida spp. from the dogs and cats in an animal shelter. METHODS: We visit an animal shelter in Daegu at July 2011, examined 82 animals including 75 dogs with healthy skin, 4 skin diseased dogs, and 3 cats with healthy skin. Specimens were collected from skin lesions or normal skin by Mackenzie's brush technique and inoculated directly on Sabouraud dextrose agar and Leeming and Notman agar. They were identified by the morphological characteristics and rRNA sequencing. RESULTS: Of the 82 samples examined, 14 (17.1%) yielded positive dermatophyte cultures and, in particular, 0% of the 4 diseased dog samples, 14.7% of the healthy dog samples, and 100% of the healthy cat samples. All isolated dermatophytes from the dogs and cats were identified as M. gypseum. Outdoor dogs (23.8%) showed higher prevalence of M. gypseum than indoor dogs (2.7%). Isolation rate of M. gypseum from soil showed different rate as distance from animal cage, including near (40%), 5 m (20%) and 100 m (0%). CONCLUSION: Interesting result of this study showing the higher isolation rate of M. gypseum in outdoor dogs than indoor dogs suggests the transmission of M. gypseum from soils to animals, and also, possible transmission to human through animals.

A Case of Tinea Corporis Caused by Microsporum gypseum and Keloid While Applying Tinea Corporis with Glacial Acetic Acid Improperl / 대한의진균학회지

We report a case of tinea corporis caused by Microsporum(M.) gypseum and keloid while applying tinea corporis with glacial acetic acid improperly in a 59 year-old female. The lesions were manifested by 7.0x4.5 cm-sized, localized pruritic fine scaly erythematous annular patch and keloid on left antecubital fossa. Culture from the annular skin lesion of patient on Sabouraud's dextrose agar showed typical colony of M. gypseum. The patient was treated with 250 mg of terbinafine daily for 1 month and topical lanoconazole application. Keloid was improved by intralesional steroid injection.

A Case of Tinea Corporis Caused by Microsporum gypseum and Keloid While Applying Tinea Corporis with Glacial Acetic Acid Improperl / 대한의진균학회지

We report a case of tinea corporis caused by Microsporum(M.) gypseum and keloid while applying tinea corporis with glacial acetic acid improperly in a 59 year-old female. The lesions were manifested by 7.0x4.5 cm-sized, localized pruritic fine scaly erythematous annular patch and keloid on left antecubital fossa. Culture from the annular skin lesion of patient on Sabouraud's dextrose agar showed typical colony of M. gypseum. The patient was treated with 250 mg of terbinafine daily for 1 month and topical lanoconazole application. Keloid was improved by intralesional steroid injection.

Dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum canis and Microsporum gypseum in free-living Bradypus variegatus (Schiz, 1825) in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil / Dermatofitose por Microsporum canis e Microsporum gypseum em Bradypus variegatus (Schiz, 1825) de vida livre no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil

Three cases of dermatophytosis in free living brown-throated three-toed sloths (Bradypus variegatus) in the Zona da Mata, North of Pernambuco State, Brazil, were studied. Two animals presented areas of alopecia on the pelvic member and thorax and one animal on the pelvic member only. The three animals presented scabs. Hair and scabs samples were submitted to microscopical examination after treatment with a 30 percent KOH and cultivated in Mycosel Agar. The direct examination indicated the presence of arthrospores in the hair. Colonies grown after seven days of culture were confirmed as Microsporum based on examination of the structure of the macroconidia. This is the first observation of dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum canis and Microsporum gypseum in free living sloths in the State of Pernambuco.

Foram estudados três casos de dermatofitose em preguiças-de-garganta-marrom (Bradypus variegatus) de vida livre na Zona da Mata, Norte do Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Dois animais apresentavam áreas de alopecia nos membros pélvicos e torácicos e um apenas no membro pélvico. Em todos os animais foi observada a presença de crostas. As amostras de pêlos e crostas foram submetidas ao exame microscópico direto com KOH a 30 por cento e cultivo em Ágar Mycosel. Ao exame direto foram observados artrosporos nos pêlos e sete dias após o cultivo foram observadas colônias sugestivas do gênero Microsporum, confirmadas através da observação da estrutura dos macroconídeos. Trata-se do primeiro relato de ocorrência de dermatofitose por Microsporum canis e Microsporum gypseum em preguiças de vida livre no Estado de Pernambuco.

Case report: disseminated dermatophytosis by microsporum gypseum in a systemic lupus erythematosus patient

Mycosis is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and frequent exposition to an infectious source could enhance the development of dermatophytic infections. A case of disseminated dermatophytosis by Microsporum gypseum is reported in a systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patient.

Micoses contribuem para a morbidade e mortalidade em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico e exposição freqüente a fontes infecciosas pode aumentar o desenvolvimento de infecções dermatofíticas. Um caso de dermatofitose disseminada por Microsporum gypseum é reportado em paciente com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES).

Four Cases of Tinea Corporis Caused by Microsporum gypseum / 대한의진균학회지

Microsporum (M.) gypseum is geophilic and abundant in soil throughout the world. The source of human infection has been traced to soil or animals. But tinea corporis caused by M. gypseum is rare. We report 4 cases of tinea corporis caused by M. gypseum in a 38 year-old female, a 7 year-old girl, a 2 year-old boy, and a 18 year-old female. The lesions were manifested by localized pruritic fine scaly erythematous annular patches on the shin, forearm, neck, and antecubital fossa. Direct microscopic examination of scales on the potassium hydroxide preparation showed hyphae and spores in 3 cases. But cultures from the skin lesion of all patients on Sabouraud dextrose agar showed typical colonies of M. gypseum. The patients were treated with topical ketoconazole application and/or oral antifungal agents.

Effect of griseofulvin on lipid composition and membrane integrity in Microsporum gypseum.

The effect of griseofulvin on lipid constituents and membrane permeability of Microsporum gypseum has been investigated. Mycelia grown in medium containing griseofulvin (IC50 concentration) possessed a lower content of total lipids, phospholipids and sterols. This inhibitory effect was further supported by decreased incorporation of [14C] acetate in total lipids, total phospholipids and sterols. Decrease in total phospholipids was also reflected to a varying extent in all individual phospholipids. An increase in the unsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio was observed in mycelia grown in medium containing griseofulvin. Membrane permeability was affected by griseofulvin as shown by increased K+-efflux and greater leakage of intracellular [32P] labelled components from prelabelled cells. Our results suggest that the antifungal activity of griseofulvin is partially due to its secondary effect on lipid constituents of Microsporum gypseum.

Effect of altered sterol levels on the transport of amino acids and membrane structure of Microsporum gypseum.

Ergosterol and cholesterol supplementation resulted in a significant increase (1·5- fold) in the sterol content while phospholipid remained unaffected in Microsporum gypseum. The levels of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine increased in ergosterol supplemented cells. However, a decrease in phosphatidylcholine and an increase in phosphatidylethanolamine was observed in cholesterol grown cells. The ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids decreased on ergosterol/cholesterol supplementation. The uptake of amino acids (lysine, glycine and aspartic acid) decreased in sterol supplemented cells. Studies with fluorescent probe l-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate showed structural changes in membrane organisation as evident by increased number of binding sites in such cells.